insight by www.buddhaviews.com The Practicing Dhamma expounder for today
Nama or Name, as expounded by Ven.Nanavira Thera with the aid of Suttapitaka
Present |
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is a Phenomenon of |
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Experience. |
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The Present is that is Cognized. |
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The Phenomenon of |
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Presence,Cognition or Consciousness |
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is Vinnana. |
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Phenomenon 'Vinnana' has 2 characteristics. |
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These two characteristics of the phenomenon 'Vinnana' are Inertia and Designation. . |
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Inertia is called as "Patigha" Designation is called as "Adhivachana". |
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The Inertia or the 1st character of phenomenon
Vinnana is Rupa. |
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Inertia is also seen as 'behaviour' of Rupa.
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This 'behaviour of Rupa can be seen or gets
presented only in a passage of time or segment of time however small that may be. |
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The' behaviour' of Rupa, or Matter or Substance
is represented by Four general modes, namely |
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Earthy,Watery, Fiery and Airy. |
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Earthy behavior is that of persistent and resistant or solid. Watery behaviour is that of cohesiveness. Fiery behaviour is that is ripening or maturing. Airy behaviour is that is tense or distended or moving. |
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Designation or the 2nd character of phenomena 'Vinnana' is Nama
or Name. |
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Designation is
also seen as 'behaviour' of Nama or Name. |
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This 'behaviour' can be considered also as it's
'appearance' or the form or the guise adopted by the 'behaviour'
as distinct from the 'behaviou'r itself. |
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Experience gets conveyed in five ways as can be noticed from below details from Nama, the 2nd characteristic of Vinnana As disclosed in Majjima Nikaya (MN,i-9<M,i,53>) |
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(i) Whether (the experience is) a 'feeling' (Vedana)
of pleasant, unpleasant or neutral (ii) Whether (the experience is) a 'perception' (Sanna) of shape, colour, smell or so on (iii) Whether (the experience is) an 'intention' (Cetana) of significance or purpose (iv) Whether (the experience is) a 'contact' (Phassa) of engagement of experience (v) Whether (the experience is) an 'attention' (Manasikara) that of intentional direction of emphasis |
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The reason for including 'contact' or Phassa in Nama is due to
the reason that when for example, Phassa is the coming together with the inner sense base, outer sense base and the Vinnana of that inner sense base |
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Rupa (Inertia or Behaviour) does not specify 'Sanna' nor the mode of appearance,be it either visual, audacity and so on. Rupa is simply 'discovered' by 'Vinnana'. |
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Nama on the other hand entails or implies but does not 'include' Vinnana. |
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It is logically , not temporally that Manasikara is included in Nama. Rupa precedes Manasikara. |
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Behavior takes place whether it is attended or not. The behaviour
of a clock is to tick
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Experience is always particular and selective. It brings one
thing to the fore or to the
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Rupa in order to appear, in order to be the phenomena of namarupa, it must be 'Oriented'. A phenomenon cannot present all of it's aspects at once with
equal emphasis, but
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To be present is -to be here and now 'then' means not now, some other time 'there' means, not here, at some other place Attention is intentional difference between presence and absence. i.e. Between varying degrees of presence or consciousness
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Consciousness is the difference between the presence in any degree and utter non presence or non existence. An image may be present or absent,but even if present, it is always absent reality.
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Mind consciousness or mano vinnana is the presence of an image, since an image can be 'absent of an image of an image' Intention is the absent in relation to the present Every present is relatively accompanied by a number of absents
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The present is singular
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Each absent is a 'possibility' of the present and the ordered total of the present's absents is the significance of the present. for example, what it points to, or indicates,beyond itself, which is also its intention. |
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In general, no two absents - even of the same
order - are of exactly the same 'weight' |
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'Volition', what is more commonly understood by 'intention' is usually a double intention (in the sense used here). for example, it is intentional intention |
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This simply means that certain of absents or possibles, are 'intentionally emphasized' at the expense of the others. When in course of time, one absent comes in wholly to predominate over the others ( often but not necessarily, the one preferred) |
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The 'present' suddenly 'vanishes' and the absent
takes its place as the new present. |
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The vanished that was present is now to be found
among the absents. This is a 'description of action' or 'kamma'
in its essential form, but leaving out of account 'the question
of kammavipaka' which is 'acinteyya' and therefore beyond the scope
of Notes, |
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Some Comments on 'Nama' or Name With Ven. Nanavira Thera’s description on 'Nama' or Name, many hidden concepts and ideologies have come in to the light which may help one to look deep into 'namarupa' concept of the Lord Buddha's Sutta discourses. Regarding ‘experience’ there could be lot of ideas formed. When Ven.Thera mentions 'experience', it is about something we are undergoing at the 'present moment' that he is mentioning. It is with cognition and consciousness we are experiencing the present. It is a ‘real time’ concerning the very ‘moment’. Each experience is happening in a time slot where the duration of it may be so small that we may not be able to realize it. At this very present, you are reading these words in a sentence . It is the experience you are having in this present time. So the point to be taken is that an experience will not take place unless there is a presence. It
is said that the presence, cognition or consciousness are phenomenon
of ‘Vinnana’, which is the word Gautama Buddha used
in his sermons for the above mentioned phenomenon. The two characteristics
of 'Vinnana' being 'Patigha' and 'Adhivachana' or 'Inertia' or 'Designation'.
Inertia of Vinnana is called as 'Rupa' and Designation of Vinnana
is called 'Nama'. Behaviour of Rupa can be seen or come into prominence
through the 'Four Mahabhuta's general modes'. They being Earthy,
Watery, Fiery and Airy modes. Behaviour
is explained with an example of a ticking of a Clock, as it is vital
to understand the 'behaviour' of Mahabhuta. Whether we notice or
not of the behaviour of Mahabhuta, they would always 'behave their
particular way according to the modes', as had been in the "past,
at present or in future". Other important discloses are that
Rupa precedes Manasikara and Rupa or Inertia does not specify 'Sanna'
nor the mode of Rupa’s appearance. That means the Rupa or
Inertia is not connected to the way how they should appear and they
are quite independent of the mode of the appearance. The explanations on ‘to be present’ and ‘to be absent’ are unheard of this way and has depth not seen from the surface. To
be present is -to be here and now Attention (manasikara) is intentional difference between presence and absence.
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Attention is intentional difference between to be here and now and
to be here and there Consciousness is the difference between the presence in any degree and utter non presence or non existence. This
is a very important statement.
An image may be present or absent, but even if present, it is always absent reality. An image (Rupa, Inertia) we are considering can be a ‘present’ image experienced by us now (Form, Sound, Smell, Taste or Touch) or can be even an 'absent' image. Even that ‘ present image’ being ‘assessed’ by our organs, will not be in the status of 'present' image category than a moment, since the status of 'present' rapidly becomes the 'absent'. The ‘manovinnana’ brings back to us the ‘images’ of past experiences of ‘namarupa’ even though the ‘images are of absent reality’.
Mind consciousness or 'mano vinnana' is the presence of an “image”, or since an image can be absent, of an image of an image' (for ex. image of “an image that had been there but is absent now”.) Venerable Thera also points out that relative to the imaginary of mental experience, five -base experience is real. But also relative to what is 'central' in a given field of ' five-base experience', whatever is 'peripheral' in that field, is already beginning to partake of the nature of 'imaginary'. Some discussion that could be found on 'Real' and 'Imaginary', appearing in the Note on Nama is as follows. Real= Present,Central,Actual Imaginary=Absent,Peripheral,Possible The disjunctions 'central/peripheral' and 'actual/possible' or 'certain/possible' represent two slightly different aspects of the more general 'present/absent' Central/Peripheral is as it is in 'strict reflection'. Actual/Possible is in 'abstract judgment' or 'discursive reflection'.
‘Intention’ is the 'absent' in relation to the 'present'. Here we have ‘intention’ is due to the fact that what we need is not being in ‘presence’. So we ‘intend’ to have it at this moment, since it is 'absent'. Every
present is relatively accompanied by a number of absents. Here we
are comparing the present with that not present. Suppose we have
a chair in front of us. We can compare the chair to unaccountable
number of other forms apart from the chair that are absent. So any
presence will accompany with unlimited number of absents ( in any
‘namarupa’ conditions) |
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Phenomenon-any state or process known through
the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning |
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Reference
CLEARING THE PATH – Writings of Nanavira Thera (1960-1965) – Volume-I – NOTES ON DHAMMA (NAMA, pp 73-79,BCC Edition 2001)
Find 'NAMA' and other complete works by Ven. Nanavira Thera, by visiting www.nanavira.org
A Profile of Ven.Nanavira Thera
Approach to Ven.Nanavira Thera's Writings